Hurricane Melissa intensified to Category 5 strength on Monday as it neared Jamaica, with up to 76 centimetres of rain and a life-threatening storm surge.
Melissa is forecast to make landfall on the island on Tuesday, and cross Cuba and the Bahamas through Wednesday.
Melissa was centred about 205 kilometres south-southwest of Kingston, Jamaica, and about 505 kilometres south-southwest of Guantánamo, Cuba, the U.S. National Hurricane Center in Miami said.
The hurricane had maximum sustained winds of 260 kilometres per hours and was moving west at six km/h, the centre said.
Hurricane Melissa strengthened into a major Category 4 hurricane, with the possibility of intensifying to a Category 5 storm on Sunday night, unleashing torrential rain and threatening to cause catastrophic flooding in the northern Caribbean, including Haiti and Jamaica, the U.S. National Hurricane Center (NHC) said.
Category 5 is the highest on the Saffir-Simpson scale, with sustained winds exceeding 250 km/h. Melissa is the strongest hurricane in recent history to directly hit the small Caribbean nation.
Some local areas of eastern Jamaica could get a metre of rain, while western Haiti could get 40 centimetres, according to the hurricane centre.
“Catastrophic flash flooding and numerous landslides are likely,” it warned.
“I want to urge Jamaicans to take this seriously,” said Desmond McKenzie, deputy chairman of Jamaica’s Disaster Risk Management Council. “Do not gamble with Melissa. It’s not a safe bet.”
Deaths in Haiti, Dominican Republic
The slow-moving storm has killed at least three people in Haiti and a fourth person in the Dominican Republic, where another person remains missing.
After Jamaica, the hurricane was expected to make another landfall later Tuesday in eastern Cuba. A hurricane warning was in effect for Granma, Santiago de Cuba, Guantánamo and Holguin provinces, while a tropical storm warning was in effect for Las Tunas. Up to 51 centimetres of rain were forecast for parts of Cuba, along with a significant storm surge along the coast.
Melissa could be the strongest hurricane Jamaica has experienced in decades, said Evan Thompson, principal director at Jamaica’s meteorological service. He warned that cleanup and damage assessment would be severely delayed because of anticipated landslides, flooding and blocked roads.
In addition to the rainfall, Melissa is likely to cause a life-threatening storm surge on Jamaica’s southern coast, peaking around four metres above ground level, near and to the east of where the centre of Melissa makes landfall, the U.S. centre said.
“Don’t make foolish decisions,” warned Daryl Vaz, Jamaica’s transport minister. “We are in a very, very serious time over the next few days.”
The storm already has dropped heavy rain in the Dominican Republic, where schools and government offices were ordered to remain closed on Monday in four of nine provinces still under red alert.
Melissa damaged more than 750 homes across the country, displacing more than 3,760 people. Floodwaters also have cut access to at least 48 communities, officials said.
In neighbouring Haiti, the storm destroyed crops in three regions, including 15 hectares of maize at a time when at least 5.7 million people, more than half of the country’s population, is experiencing crisis levels of hunger, with 1.9 million of those facing emergency levels of hunger.
“Flooding is obstructing access to farmland and markets, jeopardizing harvests and the winter agricultural season,” the UN’s Food and Agriculture Organization said.
Melissa was expected to keep dumping torrential rain over southern Haiti and the southern Dominican Republic in upcoming days.
